The three bones which form the shoulder girdle are the clavicle, scapula, and the humerus. The Anatomy of the Shoulder. Moreover, we have to know the structures to be avoided so that we do not cause damages and complications. The shoulder is one of the largest and most complex joints in the body. Rotator Cuff Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles and tendons that surround … Shoulder Anatomy Learn about the Shoulder from Darren Keiser MD. Starting with what is deepest, it goes: bone, then ligaments of the joint capsule, with tendons and The place where movement occurs, including the following: Sternoclavicular joint (where the clavicle meets the sternum) Anatomical variation of shoulder bursae has been suggested and this has implications for clinical practice. The rotator cuff This chapter discusses the anatomy of the shoulder with particular emphasis on the clinical relevance of the various structures described. Fig. Acromion. There is… It is responsible for stabilizing the upper arm bone, which sits in … Ligaments that attach the clavicle to the acromion, Ligaments that connect the clavicle to the scapula by attaching to the coracoid process. Bursa. Shoulder fractures commonly involve the clavicle (collarbone), humerus (upper arm bone), and scapula (shoulder blade). The inner bone is the tibia, or shinbone, which supports most of a…, In addition to housing main parts of the nervous system — the brain and spine — and the start of the digestive system, the head contains many…, The larynx, or voice box, has six different kinds of cartilages: the thyroid, arytenoid, cricoid, corniculate, cuneiform, and epiglottic. A closed space between 2 moving surfaces that has a small amount of lubricating 1993;18(1):342–50. Some injuries include: Last medically reviewed on March 23, 2015, The distal phalanges are one of three types of finger bones. References. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. The anatomies and biomechanics of the glenohumeral joint and the scapulothoracic articulation are the subjects of this article. of large, bulky muscles. Clavicle: Also known as the collarbone, the clavicle extends across the front of the shoulder from … It stabilizes the shoulder and holds the head of the humerus in the glenoid, a shallow cavity in the scapula. scapula. The place where movement occurs, including the following: Sternoclavicular joint (where the clavicle meets the sternum), Acromioclavicular (AC) joint (where the clavicle meets the acromion). Basic Anatomy of the Shoulder July 29, 2017 by Angela Prescott. Numerous muscles help stabilize the three joints of the shoulder while giving it motion. The shoulder is made up of several layers, including: Bones. cartilage, to pad the meetings of the bones; tendons, to attach the muscles to the bones. In conjunction with the shoulder joint and wrist, the elbow gives the arm much of its versatility…, The index finger is the second digit of the hand. With almost 360 degrees of motion (across several planes), the shoulder is by far the most mobile joint in the human body. The shoulder complex is composed of many different tissue types, and it is the connective tissue that provides the supportive framework for the shoulder's many functions. In addition, it describes the arthroscopic In younger patients, shoulder fractures are often caused by a high energy injury, such as a motor vehicle accident or contact sports injury. Flexion is moving your arm from the side of your body then forward all the way … Human Shoulder Anatomy and Physiology There are 3 bones in the human shoulder, or glenohumeral joint; the humerus, the clavicle, and the scapula. The main artery in the shoulder is the axillary artery. The anatomies of bones, joints, ligaments, and muscles are described in detail, and current biomechanical concepts concerning motion, stability, and force are presented. The shoulder is a complex combination of bones and joints where many muscles act to provide the widest range of motion of any part of the body. The shoulder complex, composed of the clavicle, scapula, and humerus, is an intricately designed combination of four joints, the Glenohumeral (GH) Joint, the Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint and the Sternoclavicular (SC) Joint, and a "floating joint", known as the Scapulothoracic (ST) joint.. A group of ligaments that connect the humerus to the socket of the The anatomy of the shoulder The Anatomy of the Shoulder The shoulder is made up of two joints, the acromioclavicular joint and the glenohumeral joint. It is located between the rotator cuff muscle layer and the outer layer The acromioclavicular joint is formed by an articulation between the lateral end of the clavicle and the acromion process of the scapula. Culham E, Peat M. Functional anatomy of the shoulder complex. Coronavirus (COVID-19): Latest Updates | Visitation PoliciesVisitation PoliciesVisitation PoliciesVisitation PoliciesVisitation Policies | How We're Keeping You Safe | Vaccine InformationVaccine InformationVaccine Information. These bones are stabilized by 15+ muscles, depending on how you count them. The glenohumeral joint is where the ball (humeral head) and the socket (the glenoid) meet. Anatomy of the Shoulder Bones of the shoulder. The human hand and wrist are comprised of three different bone groups. This artery begins at the … Its exterior shape is formed by the calcaneus, also known as…, The elbow is one of the largest joints in the body. Three bones, the collarbone (clavicle), the shoulder blade (scapula), and the upper arm bone (humerus) come together to form the shoulder joint. The anatomy of the shoulder girdle consists of several joints, or articulations, which connect the upper limb to the rest of the skeleton.You may also see this referred to as the pectoral girdle in some textbooks.. Thus, examiners must understand the shoulder’s anatomy and biomechanics to perform a systematic clinical evaluation correctly and accurately identify the injury (7). • The muscles surrounding the joint undergo reflex spasm in response to pain The collarbone (clavicle), the shoulder blade (scapula), and the upper arm This finger often…, The wrist connects the hand to the forearm. Range of motion. The tough cords of tissue that connect muscles to bones. Because shoulders have such range of movement and are used often, they are commonly injured. 1.1 Superficial muscles around the shoulder joint In the right shoulder region, the skin and superficial fascial structures have been removed to present a wide view of the muscles around the shoulder joint. At the shoulder, three major bones meet and create a 90-degree angle: The junctions of these three bones and the sternum (chest bone) form three joints: The collection of muscles and tendons in the shoulder is known as the rotator cuff. The glenohumeral, or shoulder, joint is a synovial joint that attaches the upper limb to the axial skeleton. Arteries and veins. The carpals are…, The heel is the portion of the human body that lies at the bottom-rear part of each foot. Functional Anatomy of the Shoulder Acomprehensive knowledge of the functional anatomy of the shoulder girdle and all of its component parts is mandatory in understanding arm-shoulder function.The basic function of the shoulder is to place the arm and especially the hand into a functional position that permits manipu-lative activities (Figure 4.1). Rotator Cuff. It is also called the index finger or the forefinger. Along with the thumb and middle finger, it is one of the most often-used digits. Shoulder fractures in older patients are often the result of a fall from standing height. White, shiny, flexible bands of fibrous tissue that hold joints together The ball is at the top of the upper arm bone (humerus) and the socket (glenoid) is part of the shoulder blade (scapula). SHOULDER PAIN • The synovial membrane, capsule, and ligaments of the shoulder joint are innervated by the axillary nerve and the suprascapular nerve. A healthy shoulder allows us to reach into the world, feed ourselves, stretch for something on the top shelf, throw a ball, practice chaturanga, and hug our loved ones. The…. Facilitate movement tendons are a group of tendons that connect the deepest layer of muscles to the humerus. Shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint). Help support and rotate the shoulder in many directions. To further reinforce the shoulder, the four muscles of the rotator cuff extend from the scapula and surround the head of the humerus to both rotate the arm and prevent dislocation. The different types of connective tissues in the shoulder are bone, articular cartilage, ligaments, joint capsules, and bursa (see Gross Anatomy). It consists of the distal ends of the radius and ulna bones, eight carpal bones, and the proximal ends of…, The ankle is the joint between the foot and leg, composed of three separate bones. The shoulder is made up of two joints, the acromioclavicular joint and the glenohumeral joint. The Shoulder Girdle. Joints. A 'ball' at the top of the upper arm bone (the humerus) fits neatly into a 'socket', called the glenoid, which is part of the shoulder blade (scapula). This finger has…, The pointer finger is the second digit and first finger of the human hand. of the shoulder. bone (humerus). fluid inside. To keep things simple, we can divide the shoulder into layers. 1. These muscles are seen from the front (Fig. Whatever encloses the glenohumeral joint is important, in particular with reference to surgical approaches and portals. Anatomy of the Shoulder. When you lift your arm or reach overhead both parts of the joint are moving in a coordinated way to give you mobility. The muscles of the rotator cuff include the suprasinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis. The trapezius inserts on the shoulder girdle, and the parts of the… shoulder joint on the scapula to stabilize the shoulder and keep it from dislocating. Ligaments. Introduction [edit | edit source]. Surgical Anatomy of the Shoulder The glenohumeral articulation is a versatile joint that requires a complex integration of bony ligamentous, musculotendinous and neurovascular sutures for proper function. The shoulder girdle is where our upper arm connects to our axial skeleton. The roof or highest point of the shoulder that is formed by a part of the circular, and backward movement of the shoulder. Because the brain processes all of the body’s signals, it houses major nerves to collect the information and get it to the proper section of the brain. and connect various bones, including: Joint capsule. The scapula is a large, flat, and somewhat triangular bone that sits between the humerus (upper arm bone) and collarbone. Anatomy of the Shoulder and Elbow Jonathan Barlow Matthew L. Ramsey Gerald R. Williams Jr. Joseph A. Abboud OVERVIEW OF SHOULDER AND ELBOW SURGERY In order to diagnose and treat problems of the shoulder and elbow, one must fully understand the anatomy of the region and appreciate how this translates to functional derangements. This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access. Muscles. The shoulder floats in place supported by soft tissues and a small connection to the breastbone, or sternum, via the clavicle bone. © 2005-2021 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. It is a ball-and-socket joint, formed between the glenoid fossa of scapula (gleno-) and the head of humerus (-humeral). The joint, held in place by a ligaments, tendons, and muscles, behaves in a unique manner allowing a … The shoulder is a ball and socket joint. These muscles function to stabilize the joint. This article reviews current knowledge of the normal anatomy of the SAB and related shoulder bursae. To better understand the shoulder, its best to begin with shoulder anatomy.The shoulder is the most mobile joint in your body. Tendons. The collarbone (clavicle), the shoulder blade (scapula), and the upper arm bone (humerus). The shoulder is made up of 3 bones: The scapula (shoulder blade). Name of a group of muscles and tendons that rotate and raise the shoulder. Injuries resulting from dysfunction are common and potentially debilitating. 1.1). Shoulder is a 'ball-and-socket' joint. A global view of all five joints of the shoulder girdle: 1, glenohumeral joint; 2, acromioclavicular joint; 3, sternoclavicular joint; 4, subacromial joint or subacromial gliding mechanism; The acromioclavicular joint is where the acromion, part of the shoulder blade (scapula) and the collar bone (clavicle) meet. A ball-and-socket joint that helps with forward, • The joint is sensitive to pain, pressure, excessive traction, and distension. This is controlled by muscles. Joints. The acromioclavicular joint is where the acromion, a part of the shoulder blade (scapula) and the collar bone (clavicle) meet. In this article, you will learn about the anatomy of the shoulder. This book provides detailed information on functional anatomy, physical examination, and clinical radiology of the shoulder with a view to enabling the clinician to identify the most suitable treatment approach to different shoulder joint pathologies. All rights reserved. Arthritis: Shoulder osteoarthritis (OA) may be a significant cause of pain and disability. Rotator cuff. When we study arthroscopic anatomy of the shoulder, we must not focus solely on structures visible from inside the joint. ©2021 University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, NY, Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Monroe County Community Health Improvement Plan. The shoulder is made up of several layers, including: Bones.