: 'horn star'). [43] The people of Milingimbi Island in Arnhem Land saw Arcturus and Muphrid as man and woman, and took the appearance of Arcturus at sunrise as a sign to go and harvest rakia or spikerush. [60][61][62][63][64][65], Arcturus achieved fame when its light was rumored to be the mechanism used to open the 1933 Chicago World's Fair. However, Charbonnel et al. Prehistoric Polynesian navigators knew Arcturus as Hōkūleʻa, the "Star of Joy". [36], In Arabic, Arcturus is one of two stars called al-simāk "the uplifted ones" (the other is Spica). Observations of the stars Arcturus and Deneb (Alpha Cygni) were conducted in the summer of 1984.[24]. Arcturus has an enrichment of alpha elements relative to iron but only about a third of solar metallicity. [46], The Mi'kmaq of eastern Canada saw Arcturus as Kookoogwéss, the owl. [35], In 1993, radial velocity measurements of Aldebaran, Arcturus and Pollux showed that Arcturus exhibited a long-period radial velocity oscillation, which could be interpreted as a substellar companion. Official name: Arcturus: Other designations: Alpha Boötis, HIP 69673, HD 124897, HR 5340: Nicknames — Apparent Magnitude-0.05: Distance from Earth: 36.7 light-years [20] The French mathematician and astronomer Jean-Baptiste Morin observed Arcturus in the daytime with a telescope in 1635, a first for any star other than the Sun and supernovae. [49] The Hawaiians called Arcturus Hoku-leʻa. [13], Aratus in his Phaenomena said that the star Arcturus lay below the belt of Arctophylax, although according to Ptolemy in the Almagest it lay between his thighs. Cornelius Agrippa listed its kabbalistic sign under the alternate name Alchameth. Wilson 2.5m telescope published in 1968,[26] a key reference work for stellar spectroscopy. This stellar distance and parallax calculator determines the distance to a nearby star in light-years and parsecs from its stellar parallax measured in arcseconds and vice versa.. [20], In 1984, the 90 cm (36-inch) reflecting Yapp telescope at Herstmonceux was tested with an echelle spectrograph from Queen's University Belfast and a CCD camera. [7] It has likely exhausted the hydrogen from its core and is now in its active hydrogen shell burning phase. When viewed from Earth, it appears to be positioned almost at the north galactic pole of the Milky Way. If you are 13 years old when were you born? Relatively close at 36.7 light-years from the Sun, Arcturus is a red giant of spectral type K0III—an aging star around 7.1 billion years old that has used up its core hydrogen and moved off the main sequence. With a near-infrared J band magnitude of −2.2, only Betelgeuse (−2.9) and R Doradus (−2.6) are brighter. This substellar object would be nearly 12 times the mass of Jupiter and be located roughly at the same orbital distance from Arcturus as the Earth is from the Sun, at 1.1 astronomical units. Why don't libraries smell like bookstores? [45]:84, In Inuit astronomy, Arcturus is called the Old Man (Uttuqalualuk in Inuit languages) and The First Ones (Sivulliik in Inuit languages). Zeus averted their imminent tragic fate by transforming the boy into the constellation Boötes, called Arctophylax "bear guardian" by the Greeks, and his mother into Ursa Major (Greek: Arctos "the bear"). [11] It has been known by this name since at least the time of Hesiod. In the Society Islands, Arcturus, called Ana-tahua-taata-metua-te-tupu-mavae ("a pillar to stand by"), was one of the ten "pillars of the sky", bright stars that represented the ten heavens of the Tahitian afterlife. [52] The Hawaiian name for Arcturus as a single star was likely Hoku-leʻa, which means "star of gladness", or "clear star". As one of the brightest stars in the sky, Arcturus has been significant to observers since antiquity. Chambers, Edmund Kerchever, Arthur of Britain, Speculum Historiale, 1964, p. 170, "Rotational and Radial Velocities for a Sample of 761 HIPPARCOS Giants and the Role of Binarity", "Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. [15], In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)[16] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. What is the rising action of faith love and dr lazaro? Belmonte and colleagues carried out a radial velocity (Doppler shift of spectral lines) study of the star in April and May 1988, which showed variability with a frequency of the order of a few microhertz (μHz), the highest peak corresponding to 4.3 μHz (2.7 days) with an amplitude of 60 ms−1, with a frequency separation of c. 5 μHz. The traditional name Arcturus derives from Ancient Greek Ἀρκτοῦρος (Arktouros) and means "Guardian of the Bear",[9] ultimately from ἄρκτος (arktos), "bear"[10] and οὖρος (ouros), "watcher, guardian". [41], Arcturus was once again called by its classical name from the Renaissance onwards.[42]. Arcturus is possibly a Population II star. However, all three stars surveyed showed similar oscillations yielding similar companion masses, and the authors concluded that the variation was likely to be intrinsic to the star rather than due to the gravitational effect of a companion. It is about 110 times brighter than the Sun in visible light wavelengths, but this underestimates its strength as much of the light it gives off is in the infrared; total (bolometric) power output is about 180 times that of the Sun. In Chinese astronomy, Arcturus is called Da Jiao (Chinese: 大角; pinyin: Dàjiǎo; lit. Ano ang pinakamaliit na kontinente sa mundo? [38][39][40] or حارس الشمال ħāris al-shamāl’ "the keeper of north". Location. Distance to Arcturus. Using the original Hipparcos data that was released in 1997, the parallax to the star was given as 88.85000 which gave the calculated distance to Arcturus as 36.71 light years away from Earth or 11.25 parsecs. The material on this site can not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with prior written permission of Multiply. [34], Astronomers term "metals" those elements with higher atomic numbers than helium. The Māori and Moriori called it Tautoru, a variant of the Marquesan name and a name shared with Orion's Belt.[54]. This makes Arcturus the third-brightest individual star, just ahead of α Centauri A (officially named Rigil Kentaurus), whose apparent magnitude is −0.01. ), Artù. (the distance light travels in one Earth year) is 9 454 254 955 488 [22][23], Ptolemy described Arcturus as subrufa ("slightly red"): it has a B-V color index of +1.23, roughly midway between Pollux (B-V +1.00) and Aldebaran (B-V +1.54). Arcturus, designation α Boötis (Latinized to Alpha Boötis, abbreviated Alpha Boo, α Boo), is the brightest star in the constellation of Boötes, the fourth-brightest in the night sky, and the brightest in the northern celestial hemisphere. A weak magnetic field has been detected in the photosphere with a strength of around half a gauss. Zimmer, Stefan, Die keltischen Wurzeln der Artussage: mit einer vollständigen Übersetzung der ältesten Artuserzählung Culhwch und Olwen, Winter, 2006, p. 37. Zimmer, Stefan, "The Name of Arthur – A New Etymology ", Journal of Celtic Linguistics, Volume 13, Number 1, March 2009, University of Wales Press, pp. [33], Asteroseismological measurements allow direct calculation of the mass and radius, giving values of 0.8±0.2 M☉ and 27.9±3.4 R☉. Knowing they had arrived at the exact latitude of the island chain, they sailed due west on the trade winds to landfall. [12]) Arcturus is thought to be an old-disk star, and appears to be moving with a group of 52 other such stars, known as the Arcturus stream.[25]. The light of ARCTURUS is so bright that the star was used to help open the Chicago World’s Fair in 1933 by powering several photoelectric cells with it to celebrate 40 years from the previous world’s fair in the city. How many kilometers is it to Arcturus from Earth? 131–136. So far no substellar companion has been confirmed. [31], Arcturus is estimated to be around 6 billion to 8.5 billion years old,[7] but there is some uncertainty about its evolutionary status. Since 1976, the Polynesian Voyaging Society's Hōkūleʻa has crossed the Pacific Ocean many times under navigators who have incorporated this wayfinding technique in their non-instrument navigation. The parallax margin of error is 0.54 milliarcseconds, translating to a distance margin of error of ±0.23 light-years (0.069 parsecs). Who is the longest reigning WWE Champion of all time? Recent results remain inconclusive, but do support the marginal Hipparcos detection of a binary companion. Using Hōkūleʻa and other stars, the Polynesians launched their double-hulled canoes from Tahiti and the Marquesas Islands. They suggested that the most plausible explanation for the variability of Arcturus is stellar oscillations. ", "Al Achsasi Al Mouakket, on a catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Mohammad Al Achsasi Al Mouakket", "Century of Progress World's Fair, 1933-1934", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arcturus&oldid=984444503, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 20 October 2020, at 03:43. Traveling east and north they eventually crossed the equator and reached the latitude at which Arcturus would appear directly overhead in the summer night sky. In ancient Mesopotamia, it was linked to the god Enlil, and also known as Shudun, "yoke",[12] or SHU-PA of unknown derivation in the Three Stars Each Babylonian star catalogues and later MUL.APIN around 1100 BC. The term Al Simak Al Ramih has appeared in Al Achsasi Al Mouakket catalogue (translated into Latin as Al Simak Lanceator). As a single star, the mass of Arcturus cannot be measured directly, but models suggest it is slightly larger than that of the Sun. The magnetic activity appears to lie along four latitudes and is rotationally-modulated. The star culminates at midnight on 27 April, and at 9 p.m. on June 10 being visible during the late northern spring or the southern autumn. Later it became a part of another constellation Kang Xiu (Chinese: 亢宿; pinyin: Kàng Xiǔ). (In antiquity, Arcturus was closer to the centre of the constellation. A lightyear A lightyear (the distance light travels in one Earth year) is 9 454 254 955 488 km so the distance in km is: 349 807 433 353 056 km [53] In the Marquesas Islands, Arcturus was probably called Tau-tou and was the star that ruled the month approximating January. [30] The star displays magnetic activity that is heating the coronal structures, and it undergoes a solar-type magnetic cycle with a duration that is probably less than 14 years. Pagkakaiba ng pagsulat ng ulat at sulating pananaliksik? Copyright © 2020 Multiply Media, LLC. It is now so entered in the IAU Catalog of Star Names. Arcturus’ distance was later corrected to 36.7 light years, which means that the light had in fact started its journey from the star in 1896. Arcturus is specified as السماك الرامح as-simāk ar-rāmiħ "the uplifted one of the lancer". • Distance to Earth: 37 light years • Apparent Magnitude: -0.05 • Luminosity: 170 times solar luminosity • Surface Temp: 4,000C (7,200F) • Mass: 1.10 solar masses • Radius: 11 million miles (25.7 solar radii) • Rotational Velocity: 2.4 km per second • Age: 10 billion years old • Designations: Arcturus, Alpha Boötis, Alramech, Abramech.
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