dentate leaf margin

Leaf margins (edges) are frequently used in visual plant identification because they are usually consistent within a species or group of species, and are an easy characteristic to observe. Another margin type is toothed. These protrusions either come from the midrib (as with the dandelion and oak) and are described as pinnately lobed; or they spread like fingers from a hand (think of a maple or ivy leaf); then the term is palmately lobed. What’s the difference between Virginia creeper and False Virginia creeper? Descriptions commonly refer to the plant using the ablative singular or plural, e.g. > Double serrate - coarsely serrate margin with smaller teeth on the margins of larger teeth. Alternate Leaves. Having lobes with incisions that extend over half-way toward the petiole. Undulate: having a wavy margin. Ciliate-Hair-like edge This covers three terms; serrate, dentate, and crenate. Natural History Illustration – for books, magazines & packaging. More on leaf margins… This has covered some basic aspects of leaf margins. Long and very narrow like a blade of grass. Leaf Margins: Dentate. ... leaf edge. Red maple leaf edges have small saw-like teeth. Another version has every fourth leaf aligned; but the commonest is probably the arrangement where every sixth one is in line with one (far) below it. Pointed, having a short sharp apex angled less than 90°. Serrate margins are leaf margins where the teeth are like those of a saw, continuous and forward pointing (like the sweet chestnut). This is, conveniently, called opposite. For more terms describing other aspects of leaves besides their overall morphology see the leaf article. Serrate: having a sharp edge. With a sharp, elongated, rigid tip; tipped with a cusp. Edges scalloped with straight points, like the common brown chestnut, are called dentate leaves.They can be simple leaves or compound leaves, the one in the image being another ype of chestnut leaf where you can see the dentate leaf margins on the different parts of the one leaf. There are no teeth or notches taken from the edge, it’s smooth and complete. Grasses do this, as does the elm tree. The simplest form of spiral phyllotaxy has every third leaf aligned with one below it. Leaves may also be folded or rolled in various ways. American chestnut leaves have large teeth... they are "dentate". Leaves can be arranged opposite one another at a node, in pairs. Alternate leaves on stems grow in a staggered pattern and they look like each leaf … Serrate - margins with pointed teeth directed forward, towards the apex of the leaf. Reversed trullate, the longer sides meet at the base rather than the apex. If you find any mistakes feel free to tell me; I’m not a botanist, just a keen and interested amateur.. A smooth edge is called an entire margin. The most interesting arrangement, perhaps, is the spiral. There are three main types of venation. This is the case with this Golden opposite leaved saxifrage. Leaf margins (the edge around the leaf) can have many different forms. We use cookies to give you the best possible experience on our website. An example is the beech. Oaks, cherries, apples, pears, and poplars show this. Having ear-shaped appendages reaching beyond the attachment to the petiole or to the stem (in case of a seated leaf). The "lobes" stick out, the "sinuses" stick in Serrated teeth point forward toward the apex of the leaf. Spinose-dentate - as above with the teeth point-tiped Undulate - wavy, curling from the front to the back of the leaf, but on a larger idea than corrugated would imply. Dentate margins have continuous teeth which point outwards (like the strawberry). Many thanks to Botany: A Textbook for Colleges by Hill, Popp & Grove from which much of this material is taken. Circular in cross-section; more or less cylindrical without grooves or ridges. Very deeply lobed, the lobes being very drawn out, often making the leaf look somewhat like a branch or a pitchfork. Scalloped: with a scalloped margin. Fiddle-shaped; obovate with a constriction near the middle. Having lobes pinnately arranged on the central axis. Leaves of most plants include a flat structure called the blade or lamina, but not all leaves are flat, some are cylindrical. Having lobes with incisions that extend almost up, but not quite to the petiole. Digitate: finger like. Lacerate. This is the case with this Golden opposite leaved saxifrage. Leaves often show pinnate netted venation; the more familiar pattern that you might see in a holly, or beech leaf skeleton; and you can see it in this honeysuckle study. There’s a term to describe the way the leaves of a plant are attached to the stem: phyllotaxy, which directly translates from the latin as “leaf order”. It is distinct from a simple leaf by the presence of two, Even; with a smooth margin; without toothing, Saw-toothed; with asymmetrical teeth pointing forward, With deep, wave-like indentations; coarsely crenate, Indented, with the indentations not reaching the center, folded upwards, with the surfaces close to parallel, forming a hood, margins and tip curved downward, rolled upwards (towards the adaxial surface), folded downwards, with the surfaces close to parallel, rolled downwards (towards the abaxial surface), opposing left and right halves of lamina folded along longitudinal axis, with one half rolled completely within the other, This page was last edited on 6 October 2020, at 16:00. Bedstraws, like this ladies’ bedstraw show this pattern of phyllotaxy. 2. margin form  3. venation. This can be palmate netted venation, where the veins spread form one central point like fingers from a hand (think of a nasturtium or geranium). This has covered some basic aspects of leaf margins. The same cautions might apply to "caudate", "cuspidate", and "mucronate", or to "crenate", "dentate", and "serrate". Terms describing the attachment of the leaf Petioled or petiolate: show all Leaves can also be arranged in a whorl, when more than two leaves appear at one node. Sinuate: with a sinous margin. Similar terms are used for other plant parts, such as petals, tepals, and bracts. I think that’s plenty of botany for now (and my head’s spinning). Showcase of themed natural history illustrations. Leaf structure is described by several terms that include: Being one of the more visible features, leaf shape is commonly used for plant identification. Having an elongated form with slightly parallel sides, roughly rectangular. For regular updates on what I’m working on, and how it is to be a natural history illustrator, do follow me on Instagram, facebook, pinterest, or twitter (whichever you like most!) Another problem is to establish definitions that meet all cases or satisfy all authorities and readers. Crenate margins are pretty much the same as dentate ones, but the teeth tend to be rounded. For example, whether to call leaves on the same tree "acuminate", "lanceolate", or "linear" could depend on individual judgement, or which part of the tree one collected them from. Palm-shaped, having lobes with incisions that extend less than half-way toward the petiole. This differs from serrate by the direction of the teeth. Having leaf tissue taper down the petiole to a narrow base, always having some leaf material on each side of the petiole. Lobate: lobed. Botany: A Textbook for Colleges by Hill, Popp & Grove, Unexpected Thrills: Adventures of an Illustrator, Illustrating a Wild Welsh Meadow of Butterflies, Sketchbook illustrations of Invasive Plants, Wild Shreds: Illustrating Pet Food packaging, Botanical Illustration of a Japanese Rose, How Love for Nature can Make an Individual Optimistic, Coastal Flowers: Illustrating a Flower Guide, Save the Bees: How to Make Your Garden a Bee Haven, Botanical Illustration: Step by step painting of leaves. Having lobes with incisions that extend more than half-way toward the midrib. A round leaf where the petiole attaches near the center. Margins with continuous, rounded, and generally outward-pointing teeth; dentate with conspicuously rounded teeth. In comparison with serrate leaf margins, which they do resemble, you will see that the dentate leaf margin … Ending abruptly in a small sharp point as a continuation of the midrib. Teardrop-shaped, stem attaches to the tapering end; reversed ovate. The examples are all illustrations I’ve done over the years. I do think that bearing these matters in mind is important when drawing a botanical subject. The terms listed here all are supported by technical and professional usage, but they cannot be represented as mandatory or undebatable; readers must use their judgement. These can be spiky or rounded (so think of a dandelion and an oak leaf). Tapering and ending in a short, slender point. The following is a defined list of terms which are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. With the blade shape different on each side of the midrib. Shaped like a sword, long and narrow with a sharp pointed tip. Having lobes with incisions that extend less than half-way toward the midrib. Your email address will not be published. Members of the lily and onion (Allium) family show this, so do grasses. Palm-shaped, i.e., with lobes or leaflets stemming from the leaf base. When you’re drawing a leaf you need to notice this, both in terms of getting the leaf looking correct, and also because it helps when plotting in shadows and lights. Dentate margins have continuous teeth which point outwards (like the strawberry). If the leaves are initially folded in the bud, but later unrolls it is called vernation, ptyxis is the folding of an individual leaf in a bud. Crenate margins are pretty much the same as dentate ones, but the teeth tend to be rounded. Here are four of the most common types of leaf edges. Authors often use terms arbitrarily, or coin them to taste, possibly in ignorance of established terms, and it is not always clear whether because of ignorance, or personal preference, or because usages change with time or context, or because of variation between specimens, even specimens from the same plant. This is always easier to see if you look directly down on a plant from above. So this shows many of these margins on one page. Spiral phyllotaxy means that the leaves (or pairs of leaves) are stepped around a stem, much like the steps of a spiral staircase. White oak leaves are lobed.

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