Retrieved August 26, 2012, from http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/organ/oorgan.htm, [vi] Cain Web Service. "Abstracts on Organizations - Official Irish Republican Army." [i] Moloney, Ed. The Official Irish Republican Army (OIRA) was one of two groups to emerge from a split in the Irish Republican Army (IRA), an armed Catholic republican organization that fought for a unified, independent Ireland free of British control. This proposal failed to obtain the required two-thirds support at the party conference that year, and as a result the leadership, including six of the party's seven members of Dáil Éireann, left to establish a new party, later named Democratic Left. On 14–15 August loyalists burned out several Catholic streets in Belfast in the Northern Ireland riots of August 1969. Last modified June 2018. mappingmilitants.cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/profiles/official-irish-republican-army, Leadership, Name Changes, Size Estimates, Resources, Geographic Locations, Ideology, Aims, Political Activities, Targets, and Tactics, First Attacks, Largest Attacks, Notable Attacks, Foreign Designations and Listings, Community Relations, Relations with Other Groups, State Sponsors and External Influences. How does it finance operations? CISAC is a research center at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. The Officials were known as the "Stickies" because they sold stick-on lilies to commemorate the Easter Rising; the Provisionals, by contrast, were known as "pinnies" (pejoratively "pinheads") because they produced pinned-on lilies. Sinn Féin is an Irish Republican party. The bad feeling left by this and other incidents led to a feud between the two IRAs in 1970, with several shootings carried out by either side. In August 1971, after the introduction of internment without trial, OIRA units fought numerous gun battles with British troops who were deployed to arrest paramilitary suspects. [21] O' Halloran was beaten to death with hurley sticks. Those supportive of Seán Mac Stiofáin's "Provisional Army Council", were referred to in the media as Provisional Sinn Féin[16][17] or Sinn Féin Kevin St and contested elections as Sinn Féin. However, the OIRA declared a ceasefire later in the same year. [3] For the IRA, that has often been the case. [v] OIRA is thought to have killed fewer than 50 people between 1969 and 1979. The two IRA factions arranged a truce between them after the OIRA killing of Provisional activist, and Belfast brigade D-Company commander, Charlie Hughes (a cousin of the well known Republican Brendan Hughes). [29] The decommissioning was completed at the same time as that of the republican Irish National Liberation Army and the loyalist UDA South East Antrim Brigade. "Biographies of Prominent People - Cathal Goulding." The user can change map settings to display different features (e.g., leadership changes), adjust the time scale, and trace individual groups. In 1974, radical elements within the organisation who objected to the ceasefire, led by Seamus Costello, established the Irish National Liberation Army. A Secret History of the Ira. What are its aims and ideologies? It adopted this name after the breakaway of the more militant Provisional IRA in late 1969. [11] Since the civil rights marches began in 1968, there had been many cases of street violence. The Orange Order's "marching season" during the summer of 1969 had been characterised by violence on both sides, which culminated in the three-day "Battle of the Bogside" in Derry. At a second convention, a group consisting of Mac Stiofáin, Dáithí Ó Conaill, Ó Brádaigh, Joe Cahill], Paddy Mulcahy, Leo Martin, and Sean Tracey, were elected as the "Provisional" Army Council. The split in the Irish Republican Army, soon followed by a parallel split in Sinn Féin, was the result of the dissatisfaction of more traditional and militant republicans at the political direction taken by the leadership. University of Ulster. It conducted mostly small attacks against British forces in an effort to unite and free Northern Ireland from England. On the whole, the OIRA had a more restricted level of activity than the Provisionals. The particular object of their discontent was Sinn Féin's ending of its policy of abstentionism in the Republic of Ireland. [20] The ceasefire, on 30 May,[20] followed a number of armed actions which had been politically damaging. The term Stickies stuck, though pinnies (and pinheads) disappeared, in favour of the nickname "Provos" and for a time, "Provies". The original Irish Republican Army formed in 1917 from those Irish Volunteers who did not enlist in the British Army during In October 2009, after a long period of inactivity, the Official IRA began talks with a view to decommissioning its stockpile of weapons, and in February 2010 the Newry based Official Republican Movement announced that the process was complete. This Week, 29 May 1970; J. Bowyer Bell, The Secret Army, pp. Learn more about how your support makes a difference or make a gift now, © Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305. The Official Irish Republican Army (OIRA) was one of two groups to emerge from a split in the Irish Republican Army (IRA), an armed Catholic republican organization that fought for a unified, independent Ireland free of British control. In the late 1960s, elements of the IRA in Northern Ireland grew increasingly dissatisfied with the group's leadership in the south, which they felt was disconnected from the suffering of Catholics in Northern Ireland and had failed to protect them from Protestant attacks. Though PIRA was originally a small splinter of the historic organization, it soon eclipsed OIRA in membership, resources, violence, and prominence. This group has not been designated as a terrorist organization by any major national government or international body. The relationship between this group and the communities in which it resides is unknown. "IRA itself is divided on stretegy, ideology". Retrieved August 25, 2012 from http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/peo. They left and formed the, In 1969, the more traditionalist republican members split off into the, A further split occurred in 1986, when the former leader of Sinn Féin, In 1997, Members of the Provisional IRA who did not accept the peace process split off to form the, In 2012, the Real IRA merged with other republican groups including the, In 2011, former members of the Provisional IRA according to the. Townshend, Charles, 'The Irish Republican Army and the Development of Guerrilla Warfare 1916–21', This page was last edited on 11 October 2020, at 09:34. London: Allen Lane, 2002. p. 91. Another feud ensued in the first half of 1975, during which three INLA and five OIRA members were killed. The other group emerging from this split was the Provisional IRA. OIRA declared a ceasefire in 1972, after which its violent activity dropped off dramatically, with most of its members becoming involved in socialist politics through the Workers' Party. [1] The original Irish Republican Army formed in 1917 from those Irish Volunteers who did not enlist in the British Army during World War I, members of the Irish Citizen Army and others. Both groups continued to refer to themselves as simply "the IRA" and rejected the legitimacy of the other. “Official Irish Republican Army.” Stanford University. The Irish Republican Army (IRA) is a name used by various paramilitary organisations in Ireland throughout the 20th and the 21st centuries. A Secret History of the Ira. [ii] Moloney, Ed. Unlike the "Provisionals", the "Officials" were Marxist and thus were sometimes referred to as the Red IRA. It has also been involved in organized crime and vigilantism. A Secret History of the Ira. However, this army is motivated based on a historical grudge rather than the urge to dominate the server map. This however did not stop sporadic paramilitary activity from the OIRA who on 8 September 1979 killed Hugh O'Halloran in a punishment beating in the Ballymurphy area of Belfast. Disclaimer: This is a partial list of where the militant organization has bases and where it operates. OIRA targeted mostly British security forces, as well as members of the PIRA and some civilians. and insisted that they "were entirely separate from the Real IRA, The New IRA, which was formed as a merger between the Real IRA and other republican groups in 2012. The Official Irish Republican Army (OIRA) was one of two groups to emerge from a split in the Irish Republican Army (IRA), an armed Catholic republican organization that fought for a unified, independent Ireland free of British control. [15] This resulted in a split into two separate groups with the Sinn Féin name. We are the IRA." Its objective is to end British rule in Ireland. It seeks national self-determination, the unity and independence of Ireland as a sovereign state. They are not thought to advocate the use of violence however and have no connection with the Workers' Party. These eventually proved a considerable political embarrassment to the Workers' Party, and in 1992 the leadership proposed amendments to the party constitution which would, inter alia, effectively allow it to purge members suspected of involvement in the Official IRA. The organisation bombed the Aldershot headquarters of the Parachute Regiment in revenge for Bloody Sunday, but killed only six civilians and a Roman Catholic army chaplain. In the south also, such figures as Ruairí Ó Brádaigh and Sean MacStiofain opposed both the leadership's proposed recognition of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. A strong area for the Official IRA in Belfast was the Lower Falls and Markets district, which were under the command of Billy McMillen. Last modified August 10, 2012. [2][3][4] It waged a paramilitary campaign against the British Army until May 1972, when it declared a ceasefire.
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