Kathleen Dalton, Historian: People lied in advertising just on a routine basis, and there was no regulation of that, and people didn’t even think it should be discussed.It was just a capitalist marketplace where the buyer beware, and consumers were completely unprotected. Thea Smith, Chemistry Consultant They did churn their own butter. Deborah Blum, Author: Wiley was middle-aged at the turn of the 20th Century and he was single. There’s copper sulfate, which is a heavy metal is used to turn vegetables greener when they’re canned. In 1883, Dr. Harvey Wiley joined the U.S. Department of Agriculture as chief chemist and grew concerned about food safety and purity. Despite the restrictions secretary Wilson was putting on his research, he continued to analyze a host of products, including medicated soft drinks, which were hugely popular at the time. But again, lacking regulation, there were no laws being broken. Some people think that the agriculture department encouraged Wiley to sue Coke because they thought it would destroy him. On his headstone were inscribed the words “father of the pure food law.”. When Henry Ford came up with the assembly line for the Model T, it was inspired by the slaughterhouses in Chicago, which were applying all kinds of new notions of efficiency to food production. “I understand there is some very stubborn opposition.”. Though he was battle tested, Wiley was not prepared for what his enemies, including secretary Wilson, would do next to try to keep him quiet. Congress held hearings and focused its attention only on  regulating oleomargarine. She was protesting in front of the White House. Narrator: With Roosevelt’s support, Wiley was more optimistic than ever that after two decades of sounding alarm bells, the time was finally right for the passage of a pure food law. Deborah Blum, Author: I mean there’s all these catches. Deborah Blum, Author: She opened doors for him with some of the national figures. When it came time to publish the next installment of bulletin 13, the agency secretary, julius morton, threatened to suspend the whole study and he fired wedderburn. And started cutting down on the Poison Squad studies. People were outraged at the human hands and legs that got ground up into their food. Who knew the history of safe-food labeling could be so compelling? Bruce Watson, Journalist: I mean think young bachelors on a government salary. Narrator: Harvey Washington Wiley was born in october of 1844- knowing full well where his food came from. Wiley’s law.”, INT:  Dining hall in the basement of the USDA third  poison squad study. Wiley collected samples from across the state. You’ve got them from a 5 bucks a month perspective which is, you know, not inconsiderable at the time. Tom Staton Narrator: With mass distribution across the country, food manufacturers were running into the problem of how to keep their products fresh for market and how to do so at the lowest possible cost. Narrator: Wiley began recruiting participants through ads in government newsletters. Narrator: Upon his return to the U.S.A wiley was more determined than ever to investigate the American food industry and to raise public awareness about the prevalence of fake food and chemical adulterants. In a very real way, he’s the Father of the FDA. Stephen Altobello Brown starts creating stories just to fill in the blanks. So it gave him that same platform in a different way, and he used it really effectively. Sinclair had spent nearly two months working undercover, documenting the inhuman labor practices and unsanitary conditions on factory floors - stories of rat infestations, widespread contaminated and diseased carcasses and even of human appendages finding their way into processed meat and onto grocery store shelves. Though he worried the tabloid stories would undermine his scientific pursuit, Wiley conceded that for the first time, the nation was talking about food safety . And this is in this period where he realizes he really does need an army. But Wiley’s unbending approach had made him few allies in the administration, especially with President Roosevelt. Narrator: With industrialization came consolidation. Daniel Timmons. Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Outbreaks of scarlet fever, tuberculosis and cholera were common. Narrator: Wiley would spend the rest of his life railing against a corrupt food industry and lobbying the government to support and enforce the pure food act.he remained the law’s staunchest advocate even as he receded from the public eye. He goes to, for example, bean manufacturers and talks to them about how they do the canning and heavily watches it to make sure there’s no adulteration so everybody’s getting exactly the same beans. You know there’s something Barnum, PT Barnum-esque, except he was fighting the good fight. It’s stymied largely by senators and Congressmen who are taking a lot of money from the food and chemical industry to make sure it’s stymied. A film of the butter so yellow and sweet, Well suited to make every minute  Narrator: At the time, Americans consumed more than 10 million gallons of  coca cola every year.The company marketed the beverage as an “ideal brain tonic, ”that “invigorated the fatigued body and quickened the tired brain,” all of which Wiley saw as fraud. The public, because of their awareness of the horrors of adulterated food, now they wanted food that was labeled pure and sanitary, food made in the cleanest of factories. This is actually the state of the American food supply, and that the American beef industry really doesn’t care. Kathleen Dalton, Historian:  But he was leading a Republican Party with very entrenched opposition to any kind of food regulation, and his best friend was Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, who was in the manufacturer’s back pocket. It’s the rise of saying “we now have an enormous class difference.” Economic inequality starts in the first gilded age in the 1890s when all these progressive movements are taking root because the consolidation of money and power in the hands of men is something that women and trade unions start to fight. Newspapers were filled with stomach churning details of the filthy conditions of Chicago’s largest beef companies, as described in a damning new book called “the jungle” by novelist Upton Sinclair. He had never been able to get a president interested in his food stuff, you know, no matter how high profile it was, presidents ignored it, and Roosevelt was known as a progressive.

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